Selasa, 08 November 2011

Mencegah Osteoporosis

Mungkin anda sudah tidak asing lagi dengan istilah osteoporosis. Ya, osteoporosis adalah keadaan di mana mineral-mineral penting mulai berkurang pada tulang.

Penyakit ini merupakan penyakit yang menakutkan karena semua orang berisiko terkena penyakit ini di masa tuanya, sekalipun anda adalah seorang pria. Penyakit ini juga dapat menyebabkan tulang seseorang tiba-tiba patah tanpa adanya benturan atau kecelakaan. Patah tulang yang terjadi pada penderita osteoporosis ini pun lebih sulit sembuh dan seringkali menimbulkan kecacatan yang menetap seumur hidup.

Tentunya anda tidak ingin hal ini terjadi pada anda bukan? Berikut ini adalah tips-tips yang dapat membantu anda mencegah osteoporosis sejak dini, mari kita simak:

1. Olahraga
jogging1.jpg


Olahraga merupakan cara termudah dan termurah untuk tetap sehat, termasuk dalam pencegahan osteoporosis ini. Olahraga “Wight Bearing” seperti jogging, lari, angkat beban, bulu tangkis, tenis, atau olahraga lain akan membantu menjaga kepadatan tulang anda. Selain itu olahraga juga dapat memperkuat otot anda dan membantu keseimbangan postur anda sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya fraktur (patah tulang) lebih kecil. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal, lakukanlah olahraga ini di pagi hari sambil merasakan hangatnya mentari pagi. Sinar matahari pagi sangat baik untuk membantu sintesis vitamin D yang juga diperlukan dalam absorbsi kalsium. Lakukan olahraga pagi ini selama 30 menit selama 3 sampai 5 kali setiap minggunya.

2. Asupan gizi seimbang
nutrition1.jpg
Kebutuhan kalsium bervariasi seiring bertambahnya usia dan aktivitas fisik, anak-anak, ibu hamil dan menyusui, serta lansia membutuhkan asupan kalsium dalam jumlah yang lebih banyak. Bila asupan mineral kalsium ini tidak tercukupi dari diet anda, tubuh secara alami akan mengambil kalsium dari “gudangnya” dan dalam hal ini, tulang anda! Pengambilan kalsium dari tulang ini akan membuat tulang anda berkurang kepadatannya dan keropos sehingga mudah patah. Jangan hanya mengandalkan suplemen. Anda bisa mencegahnya dengan asupan kalsium yang cukup, yaitu dari makanan sebagai berikut
  • Susu (diutamakan yang low fat), anda juga bisa mengkonsumsi susu tinggi kalsium yang beredar di pasaran
  • Ikan laut. Ikan laut kaya akan kalsium, untuk mendapat asupan kalsium yang lebih, anda bisa saja mengkonsumsi bandeng presto atau sarden beserta tulangnya
  • Yoghurt. Walaupun merupakan produk dari susu, namun kalsium dalam yoghurt lebih mudah diserap tubuh.
  • Kedelai. Selain mengandung kalsium kedelai juga mengandung estrogen nabati atau fitoestrogen yang dapat membantu penyerapan kalsium
  • Keju
  • Sayuran hijau. Sayuran hijau seperti brokoli, bayam, kangkung, dan selada tidak hanya mengandung kalsium, tetapi juga mengandung kalium dan vitamin K yang mencegah hilangnya kalsium dari tulang
3. Kurangi Kafein
coffee.jpg
Kopi memang dapat membantu anda tetap terjaga dan berenergi, beberapa penelitian juga menemukan khasiat lain kopi seperti mencegah demensia dan Alzheimer. Namun ternyata konsumsi kopi berlebihan juga dapat meningkatkan ekskresi kalsium dari tulang. Batasilah konsumsi kopi anda tidak lebih dari 3 cangkir sehari.

4. Jaga berat badan anda
beratbadan.jpg
Kalsium adalah mikroelemen essensial bagi tubuh anda, metabolisme tubuh, kontraksi otot, bahkan denyut jantung membutuhkan kalsium ini. Bila kalsium ini kurang, tubuh akan mengambilnya dari tulang anda. Dan coba tebak, berat badan berlebih berarti tubuh anda akan mengambil kalsium lebih banyak juga dari tulang anda. Anda bisa mencegah hal ini dengan menjaga berat badan anda tetap ideal dengan menjaga pola makan anda dan berolahraga teratur.

5. Stop rokok dan alkohol
stopsmokin1.jpg
Merokok dan alkohol dapat mengganggu aktivitas Sel Osteoblas yang turut berperan dalam absorbsi kalsium ke tulang. Berhentilah merokok dan kurangilah konsumsi alkohol anda agar terhindar dari osteoporosis

6. Cek densitas tulang berkala

Satu hal yang mengganggu tentang osteoporosis adalah osteoporosis ini tidak menimbulkan gejala. Seringkali penderita baru mengentahui dirinya menderita osteoporosis setelah dia mengalami patah tulang tanpa terjadi benturan atau kecelakaan yang keras. Untuk inilah pentingnya dilakukan pemeriksaan densitas tulang. Pemeriksaan densitas tulang ini bisa dilakukan di laboratorium terdekat, bahkan seringkali promosi suplemen kalsium juga menyediakan tes densitas tulang ini secara gratis. Berikut ini beberapa kriteria yang sebaiknya melakukan tes densitas tulang
  • Wanita yang sudah menopause
  • Pria di atas 80 tahun (sumber lain menyebutkan 65 tahun)
  • Penderita penyakit autoimun yang mendapatkan terapi kortikosteroid rutin
  • Penderita tukak lambung/gastritis yang mendapat terapi proton pump inhibitor jangka panjang

7. Terapi sulih hormon
Estrogen merupakan hormon yang penting dalam metabolisme kalsium. Estrogen membantu absorbsi kalsium dan juga mengatur ekskresinya. Pada wanita yang sudah menopause, produksi hormon estrogen ini praktis akan sangat menurun. Akibatnya absorbsi kalsium terganggu. Dalam hal inilah diperlukan terapi sulih hormon (Hormone Replacementer Therapy). Terapi sulih hormon ini selain menurunkan risiko osteoporosis juga dapat menurunkan risiko penyakit jantung dan stroke.


Cegah osteoporosis sejak sekarang, jangan sampai terlambat. Lakukan olahraga, cukupi asupan kalsium (boleh dibantu suplemen bila memang perlu), stop rokok dan alkohol.

Semoga bermanfaat



Terima kasih

Sumber
http://ehealthmd.com/content/how-you-can-prevent-osteoporosis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis
http://www.rd.com/health/15-tips-for-preventing-osteoporosis/
http://www.medicalook.com/Bone_diseases/Osteoporosis.html
http://medicalera.com/info_answer.php?thread=15467

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